Apply transformations
Transforming scales, rotates, skews, stretches, or warps an image. You can apply transformations to a selection, an entire layer, multiple layers, or a layer mask. You can also apply transformations to a path, a vector shape, a vector mask, a selection border, or an alpha channel. Transforming affects image quality when you manipulate the pixels. To apply non-destructive transformations to raster images, use Smart Objects. (See About Smart Objects.) Transforming a vector shape or path is always non-destructive because you’re only changing the mathematical calculations producing the object.
To make a transformation, first select an item to transform and then choose a transformation command. If necessary, adjust the reference point before manipulating the transformation. You can perform several manipulations in succession before applying the cumulative transformation. For example, you can choose Scale and drag a handle to scale, and then choose Distort and drag a handle to distort. Then press Enter or Return to apply both transformations.
Photoshop uses the interpolation method selected in the General area of the Preferences dialog box to calculate the color values of pixels that are added or deleted during transformations. This interpolation setting directly affects the speed and quality of the transformation. Bicubic interpolation, the default, is slowest but yields the best results.
- A.
- Original image
- B.
- Layer flipped
- C.
- Selection border rotated
- D.
- Part of object scaled
Transform submenu commands
- Scale
- Enlarges or reduces an item relative to its reference point, the fixed point around which transformations are performed. You can scale horizontally, vertically, or both horizontally and vertically.
- Rotate
- Turns an item around a reference point. By default, this point is at the center of the object; however, you can move it to another location.
- Skew
- Slants an item vertically and horizontally.
- Distort
- Stretches an item in all directions.
- Perspective
- Applies one‑point perspective to an item.
- Warp
- Manipulates the shape of an item.
- Flip
- Flips the selection vertically or horizontally.